Functions Practice
Write reusable functions with parameters, return values, scope and built-ins.
1
Add Two Numbers Using Function
Easy
Write a function add(a, b) that returns the sum of two numbers. Read a and b and print the result.
Input Format
A single line containing two space-separated integers a and b.
Output Format
Print a single integer — their sum.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
5 7 |
Sample Output 1
12 |
|
Sample Input 2
10 20 |
Sample Output 2
30 |
|
Sample Input 3
-5 8 |
Sample Output 3
3 |
2
Greet Using Function
Easy
Write a function greet(name) that prints 'Hello, [name]!' and call it with the input name.
Input Format
A single line containing a name.
Output Format
Print the greeting message.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
Alice |
Sample Output 1
Hello, Alice! |
|
Sample Input 2
Bob |
Sample Output 2
Hello, Bob! |
|
Sample Input 3
Sam |
Sample Output 3
Hello, Sam! |
3
Square of a Number
Easy
Write a function square(n) that returns the square of a number.
Input Format
A single line containing integer n.
Output Format
Print the square of n.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
9 |
Sample Output 1
81 |
|
Sample Input 2
12 |
Sample Output 2
144 |
|
Sample Input 3
0 |
Sample Output 3
0 |
4
Area of Rectangle
Easy
Write a function area(length, breadth) that returns the area of a rectangle.
Input Format
A single line containing two space-separated integers length and breadth.
Output Format
Print a single integer — the area.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
5 3 |
Sample Output 1
15 |
|
Sample Input 2
7 2 |
Sample Output 2
14 |
|
Sample Input 3
10 10 |
Sample Output 3
100 |
5
Check Even or Odd Using Function
Easy
Write a function is_even(n) that returns True if n is even, else False.
Input Format
A single line containing integer n.
Output Format
Print True or False.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
10 |
Sample Output 1
True |
|
Sample Input 2
7 |
Sample Output 2
False |
|
Sample Input 3
0 |
Sample Output 3
True |
6
Find Maximum of Two Numbers
Easy
Write a function max_of_two(a, b) that returns the larger of the two numbers.
Input Format
A single line containing two space-separated integers.
Output Format
Print the larger number.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
4 9 |
Sample Output 1
9 |
|
Sample Input 2
10 3 |
Sample Output 2
10 |
|
Sample Input 3
-1 -5 |
Sample Output 3
-1 |
7
Cube of a Number
Easy
Write a function cube(n) that returns the cube of a number.
Input Format
A single line containing integer n.
Output Format
Print the cube of n.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
4 |
Sample Output 1
64 |
|
Sample Input 2
5 |
Sample Output 2
125 |
|
Sample Input 3
0 |
Sample Output 3
0 |
8
Multiply Three Numbers
Easy
Write a function multiply(a, b, c) that returns the product of three numbers.
Input Format
A single line containing three space-separated integers.
Output Format
Print a single integer — the product.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
2 3 4 |
Sample Output 1
24 |
|
Sample Input 2
1 2 3 |
Sample Output 2
6 |
|
Sample Input 3
2 2 2 |
Sample Output 3
8 |
9
Factorial Using Function
Easy
Write a function factorial(n) that returns the factorial of n using a loop.
Input Format
A single line containing integer n.
Output Format
Print the factorial of n.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
5 |
Sample Output 1
120 |
|
Sample Input 2
4 |
Sample Output 2
24 |
|
Sample Input 3
0 |
Sample Output 3
1 |
10
Print Numbers 1 to N Using Function
Easy
Write a function print_numbers(n) that prints numbers from 1 to n, each on a new line.
Input Format
A single line containing integer n.
Output Format
Print the numbers from 1 to n, one per line.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
4 |
Sample Output 1
1 2 3 4 |
|
Sample Input 2
3 |
Sample Output 2
1 2 3 |
|
Sample Input 3
1 |
Sample Output 3
1 |
1
Sum of Digits of a Number
Medium
Write a function sum_digits(n) that returns the sum of digits of a number.
Input Format
A single line containing integer n.
Output Format
Print the sum of digits.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
12345 |
Sample Output 1
15 |
|
Sample Input 2
999 |
Sample Output 2
27 |
|
Sample Input 3
100 |
Sample Output 3
1 |
2
Check Prime Number Using Function
Medium
Write a function is_prime(n) that returns True if n is prime, else False.
Input Format
A single line containing integer n.
Output Format
Print True or False.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
17 |
Sample Output 1
True |
|
Sample Input 2
19 |
Sample Output 2
True |
|
Sample Input 3
21 |
Sample Output 3
False |
3
Reverse a Number Using Function
Medium
Write a function reverse_num(n) that returns the reversed number.
Input Format
A single line containing integer n.
Output Format
Print the reversed number.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
1234 |
Sample Output 1
4321 |
|
Sample Input 2
120 |
Sample Output 2
21 |
|
Sample Input 3
1000 |
Sample Output 3
1 |
4
Fibonacci Using Function
Medium
Write a function fibonacci(n) that returns the nth Fibonacci number (0-indexed).
Input Format
A single line containing integer n.
Output Format
Print the nth Fibonacci number.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
7 |
Sample Output 1
13 |
|
Sample Input 2
9 |
Sample Output 2
34 |
|
Sample Input 3
0 |
Sample Output 3
0 |
5
GCD of Two Numbers Using Function
Medium
Write a function gcd(a, b) that returns the greatest common divisor of two numbers.
Input Format
A single line containing two space-separated integers.
Output Format
Print the GCD.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
12 18 |
Sample Output 1
6 |
|
Sample Input 2
7 5 |
Sample Output 2
1 |
|
Sample Input 3
17 31 |
Sample Output 3
1 |
6
LCM of Two Numbers Using Function
Medium
Write a function lcm(a, b) that returns the least common multiple of two numbers.
Input Format
A single line containing two space-separated integers.
Output Format
Print the LCM.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
4 6 |
Sample Output 1
12 |
|
Sample Input 2
3 5 |
Sample Output 2
15 |
|
Sample Input 3
7 11 |
Sample Output 3
77 |
7
Check Palindrome Number Using Function
Medium
Write a function is_palindrome(n) that returns True if the number reads the same forwards and backwards.
Input Format
A single line containing integer n.
Output Format
Print True or False.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
121 |
Sample Output 1
True |
|
Sample Input 2
12321 |
Sample Output 2
True |
|
Sample Input 3
12 |
Sample Output 3
False |
8
Count Vowels in a String Using Function
Medium
Write a function count_vowels(s) that returns the number of vowels in the string.
Input Format
A single line containing a string.
Output Format
Print the number of vowels.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
education |
Sample Output 1
5 |
|
Sample Input 2
sky |
Sample Output 2
0 |
|
Sample Input 3
AEIOU |
Sample Output 3
5 |
9
Nested Function — Inner Helper
Medium
Write a program with an outer function that contains an inner helper function to double a number, and returns the result of doubling the input twice.
Input Format
A single line containing integer n.
Output Format
Print the result of applying the inner function twice.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
5 |
Sample Output 1
20 |
|
Sample Input 2
3 |
Sample Output 2
12 |
|
Sample Input 3
0 |
Sample Output 3
0 |
10
Default Argument Function
Medium
Write a function power(base, exp=2) that returns base raised to exp. If exp is not given, it defaults to 2.
Input Format
A single line containing integer base, optionally followed by integer exp. If only one number is given, use default exp=2.
Output Format
Print the power result.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
3 |
Sample Output 1
9 |
|
Sample Input 2
4 3 |
Sample Output 2
64 |
|
Sample Input 3
5 |
Sample Output 3
25 |
1
Recursive Function — Factorial
Hard
Write a recursive function factorial(n) that returns the factorial of n using recursion (no loops).
Input Format
A single line containing integer n.
Output Format
Print the factorial of n.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
6 |
Sample Output 1
720 |
|
Sample Input 2
7 |
Sample Output 2
5040 |
|
Sample Input 3
0 |
Sample Output 3
1 |
2
Function with *args — Sum All
Hard
Write a function sum_all(*args) that returns the sum of all arguments passed.
Input Format
A single line containing N space-separated integers.
Output Format
Print their sum.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
1 2 3 4 5 |
Sample Output 1
15 |
|
Sample Input 2
10 20 30 |
Sample Output 2
60 |
|
Sample Input 3
-1 -2 -3 |
Sample Output 3
-6 |
3
Function with **kwargs — Build Dict
Hard
Write a function build_dict(**kwargs) that returns the dictionary formed by the keyword arguments.
Input Format
Multiple lines: each line contains a key and value separated by a space. End input with an empty line.
Output Format
Print the resulting dictionary.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
a 1 b 2 c 3 |
Sample Output 1
{'a': '1', 'b': '2', 'c': '3'}
|
|
Sample Input 2
x 10 y 20 |
Sample Output 2
{'x': '10', 'y': '20'}
|
|
Sample Input 3
a 5 |
Sample Output 3
{'a': '5'}
|
4
Lambda in Function
Hard
Write a function apply_operation(a, b, op) where op is a lambda that performs the operation, and call it with a lambda to multiply.
Input Format
A single line containing two space-separated integers.
Output Format
Print the product using the lambda.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
6 7 |
Sample Output 1
42 |
|
Sample Input 2
8 9 |
Sample Output 2
72 |
|
Sample Input 3
0 5 |
Sample Output 3
0 |
5
Higher-Order Function — Map Double
Hard
Write a function map_double(lst) that uses map() with a lambda to double every element and returns the list.
Input Format
First line: integer N. Second line: N space-separated integers.
Output Format
Print the doubled list.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
4 1 2 3 4 |
Sample Output 1
[2, 4, 6, 8] |
|
Sample Input 2
3 5 6 7 |
Sample Output 2
[10, 12, 14] |
|
Sample Input 3
1 1 |
Sample Output 3
[2] |
6
Function Returning Multiple Values
Hard
Write a function min_max(lst) that returns both the minimum and maximum of a list.
Input Format
First line: integer N. Second line: N space-separated integers.
Output Format
Print the minimum and maximum separated by a space.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
5 3 1 4 1 5 |
Sample Output 1
1 5 |
|
Sample Input 2
4 9 8 7 6 |
Sample Output 2
6 9 |
|
Sample Input 3
2 5 5 |
Sample Output 3
5 5 |
7
Decorator Function
Hard
Write a decorator uppercase that converts the return value of a function to uppercase, and apply it to a function greet(name).
Input Format
A single line containing a name.
Output Format
Print the uppercase greeting.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
alice |
Sample Output 1
HELLO, ALICE! |
|
Sample Input 2
bob |
Sample Output 2
HELLO, BOB! |
|
Sample Input 3
|
Sample Output 3
HELLO, ! |
8
Closure — Counter
Hard
Write a function make_counter() that returns a nested function which increments and returns a counter each time it is called. Call it 3 times and print the values.
Input Format
No input.
Output Format
Print the counter values after each of the 3 calls, one per line.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
|
Sample Output 1
1 2 3 |
|
Sample Input 2
|
Sample Output 2
1 2 3 |
|
Sample Input 3
|
Sample Output 3
1 2 3 |
9
Generator Function — Even Numbers
Hard
Write a generator function even_numbers(n) that yields even numbers up to n. Read n and print all yielded values.
Input Format
A single line containing integer n.
Output Format
Print the even numbers from 2 up to n, one per line.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
10 |
Sample Output 1
2 4 6 8 10 |
|
Sample Input 2
8 |
Sample Output 2
2 4 6 8 |
|
Sample Input 3
1 |
Sample Output 3
|
10
Function Composition
Hard
Write a program that composes two functions: f(x) = x + 1 and g(x) = x * 2. Read x and print f(g(x)) and g(f(x)) on separate lines.
Input Format
A single line containing integer x.
Output Format
Print f(g(x)) on line 1 and g(f(x)) on line 2.
Sample Test Cases
|
Sample Input 1
5 |
Sample Output 1
11 12 |
|
Sample Input 2
0 |
Sample Output 2
2 1 |
|
Sample Input 3
10 |
Sample Output 3
21 22 |